Although the hospital's current buildings date from the 20th century, the Hospital de Sant Pau was founded in 1401 when six small medieval hospitals merged. The hospital's former buildings near the center of Barcelona date from the 15th century, and now house an art school (Escola Massana) and Biblioteca de Catalunya (National Library of Catalonia).

In 1991 was awarded with the "Creu de Sant Jordi" by the Generalitat de Catalunya.

Since 2003 a new hospital building is placed to the north of the Domènech i Montaner modernist pavilions.

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